The Cardiopulmonary Consequences of the Trendelenburg Position in Patients Under General Anesthesia

Carter, Aaron T.

Trendelenburg position ; head-down tilt ; cardiac preload ; cardiac output ; perfusion ; anesthesia ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Acute hypotension has been treated with the Trendelenburg, or head down tilt (HDT), position for 100 years or more. Prior studies have suggested the HDT position increases central venous blood return and improves cardiac output, but the evidence is not consistent. This systematic review is designed to identify if there are known negative consequences of the HDT position on cardiopulmonary functioning, and determine if those risks outweigh the benefits.Methods: An extensive ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

Mortality Associated With Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Replacement Therapy

Arias, Brooke E.

Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Postmenopause ; Cardiovascular Disease ; Mortality ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in post menopausal women. There is strong evidence suggesting that estrogen deficiency increases cardiovascular risk. For years hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was thought to be beneficial for the prevention of CHD in postmenopausal women. Observational studies consistently concluded that HRT reduced overall mortality from CHD events in postmenopausal women. A large randomized control trial, ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation for the Treatment of Statin Induced Myalgia

Asherin, Jessica P.

myalgia ; HMG-CoA ; reductase inhibitors ; Coenzyme Q10 ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: A significant number of the population is on 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) because statins are the main pharmacologic drug prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesteremia. Statins also have been shown to reduce the relative risks of coronary events. Statins work by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway. This is the same pathway from which Coenzyme Q10 is synthesized. Coenzyme Q10 is essential for muscle respiration. One ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

Endoscopic versus Open Saphenous Vein Harvest in Patients Undergoing CABG, an Angiographically Measured Graft Patency Comparison

Barone, M. Brooke

coronary artery bypass graft ; endoscopy ; saphenous vein ; graft occlusion ; and vascular patency ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Endoscopic vein harvest (EVH) was introduced in 1996 as an alternative to open vein harvest (OVH) for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries utilizing the saphenous vein. EVH has been shown to decrease post operative pain, wound complications, and length of hospital stay. Although EVH has become the preferred method of saphenous vein harvest, the effect of EVH on graft patency has not been well studied. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

The Effects of Physical Exercise on Selected Markers of Estrogen Metabolism Linked to Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women

Behrends, Laura

Physical Activity ; Breast Cancer ; Estrogen Metabolism ; Premenopausal Women ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Physical activity is linked to breast cancer risk reduction in women, yet the mechanism remains largely unknown. Possible causes for this association have been hypothesized to include change in endogenous estrogen production, estrogen metabolism, circulating concentrations of peptide hormones and growth factors, obesity, central adiposity, and immune function. Recent investigations in estrogen metabolism in women have brought to light a new possibility for the association ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

Maggot Therapy for Removal of Non-healing Wounds

Bekins, Lisa

Larva ; maggot therapy ; debridement ; wound healing ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Maggot therapy has been used for centuries for treatment of non-healing soft tissue wounds. Maggot therapy disappeared for a while due to newly available antibiotics and improved surgical techniques. Recently it has made a comeback and is now considered medicinal maggots. The clinical question of whether to use maggot therapy for the treatment of non-healing wounds in comparison to more standardized therapy is resurfacing among clinicians and patients.Methods: A systematic ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer with 5-Aminosalicylic Acids in adult patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Beu, Joshua

5-ASA ; colorectal neoplasms ; inflammatory bowel disease ; Ulcerative Colitis ; Crohn’s Disease ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs) have been integral medications in the maintenance and induction of remission in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) for the past several decades. These patients have a significantly increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC) when compared to the general population due to the chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory process that makes neoplasia more likely. It has been shown in recent studies that 5-ASAs have the potential ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

The Efficacy of Baclofen in Reducing Alcohol Consumption and Decreasing Alcohol Craving in Alcohol Dependent Adults

Bock, Kelsey

baclofen ; alcoholism ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Many people suffer from alcoholism which can be a debilitating disease. With only three medications on the market to treat alcoholism, research to find new pharmaceuticals is important. The recent publication of a book promoting baclofen, a GABA agonist normally used to treat spasticity, as a treatment for alcoholism, has brought public attention to the topic. For potential patients who have read the book and clinicians who treat alcoholism, this systematic review ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Versus Conventional Therapy for the Treatment of Poststernotomy Mediastinitis: A Systematic Review

Bush, Lisa D.

Poststernotomy mediastinitis ; deep sternal wound infection ; vacuum-assisted closure ; negative pressure wound therapy ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Poststernotomy mediastinitis (PM) is a rare but often fatal complication of surgeries that involve median sternotomy. Although incidence has been reported from 0.4-5%, mortality rates reported from 10-47% make this a potentially devastating complication. Initial treatment for mediastinitis includes administration of antibiotics, surgical debridement of infected tissues, and removal of sternal wires. After debridement, conventional treatment consists of reclosure of ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies

Outcomes Associated With the Use of Finasteride: An Evaluation of this Medication as a Chemoprotective Agent and its Efficacy

Cieslik, Catherine H.

prostatic carcinoma ; prostatic neoplasia ; finasteride ; prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ; Medicine and Health Sciences

Background: Whether a male should be placed on a well-studied pharmaceutical agent thought to have chemoprotective properties, is currently a question that is debated by clinicians. The purpose of this study is to determine the benefits versus harms associated with finasteride as a chemoprotective agent. Finasteride, has been used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. It has been hypothesized that, since this medication resulted in the reduction of PSA levels, and ...

CommonKnowledge

2010-08-14

text

School of Physician Assistant Studies